Introduction to Accelerometers and Principles of Common Basis

An accelerometer is a meter that measures acceleration. Acceleration measurement is an important subject proposed by engineering technology. When an object has a large acceleration, the object and its equipment and other objects without relative acceleration are subjected to a force that can produce the same large acceleration, that is, a dynamic load. To know the dynamic load, it is necessary to measure the acceleration.

Here is the content list:

• Introduction to Accelerometers

• Principles on which common accelerometers are based

Introduction to Accelerometers

In some control systems, the acceleration signal is often required as part of the information required to generate the control action, and the problem of continuously measuring the acceleration also arises here. A device that can continuously give an acceleration signal is called an accelerometer.

The components of common accelerometers are as follows: shell (fixed with the measured object), reference mass, sensitive element, signal output device, etc. Accelerometers require a certain range, accuracy, and sensitivity. Accelerometers based on different principles have different ranges (from a few g to hundreds of thousands of g), and their sensitivity to sudden acceleration frequencies also varies.

Principles on which common accelerometers are based

① The reference mass is connected to the shell by a spring, and the relative displacement between it and the shell reflects the magnitude of the acceleration component. This signal is output as a voltage through a potentiometer.

②The reference mass is fixedly connected with the casing by the elastic thin rod. The dynamic load caused by the acceleration causes the rod to deform. The strain resistance wire is used to sense the size of the deformation. The output is an electrical signal proportional to the size of the acceleration sub-disk.

③ The reference mass is fixedly connected to the housing through the piezoelectric element, the dynamic load of the mass produces pressure on the piezoelectric element, and the piezoelectric element outputs an electrical signal proportional to the pressure, that is, the acceleration component.

④The reference mass is connected to the shell by the spring and placed inside the coil. The displacement reflecting the magnitude of the acceleration component changes the inductance of the coil, thereby outputting an electrical signal proportional to the acceleration.

In addition, there are servo-type accelerometers in which a feedback loop is introduced to improve the accuracy of the measurement. To measure the acceleration vector in a plane or space, two or three accelerometers are required, each measuring an acceleration component.

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